Windows
Registry, of course.
AmCache, Registry 🗄️
You can see firmware, hardware and OS info there. Although the artefact has proved to be highly “volatile”, it might change from update to update.
macOS
Linux
iOS
Backups
📂 /Users/username/Library/Application\ Support/MobileSync/Backup/<UDID>/: Info.plist, Manifest.plist, Status.plist.
Lockdown files
📂 /private/var/db/lockdown
W-Fi MAC Address for the connected iPhone