APFS is not very much described from the forensic perspective. I wonder how much APM is described.
GUID is an identifier of the following format: 8-4-4-4-12. There is still a protective MBR at 0 so that Windows will not try to format the disk.
Stands for Master Boot Record. Primary partitions (bootable). Can have at most 4 bootable partitions, since it’s limited to 4 partition entries in parition table, each entry 16 bytes in length.